Detroit, MI

Definitions:

1. Abatement : any set of measures designed to permanently eliminate lead-based paint or lead-based paint hazards. Abatement includes:
   • The removal of lead-based paint and dust-lead hazards, the permanent enclosure or encapsulation of lead-based paint, the replacement of components or fixtures painted with lead-based paint, and the removal or permanent covering of soil-lead hazards; and
   • All preparation, cleanup, disposal, and post abatement clearance testing activities associated with such measures.
2. Deteriorated paint : any interior or exterior paint or other coating that is peeling, chipping, chalking or cracking, or any paint or coating located on an interior or exterior surface or fixture that is otherwise damaged or separated from the substrate.
3. Dry sanding : sanding without moisture and includes both hand and machine sanding.
4. Dust-lead hazard: surface dust that contains a dust-lead loading (area concentration of lead) equal to or exceeding the levels promulgated by the EPA at 40CRF 745-65 or, if such levels are not in effect, the standards for dust-lead hazards in Sec. 35.1320 .
5. Encapsulation: the application of a covering or coating that acts as a barrier between the lead-based paint and the environment and that relies for its durability on adhesion between the encapsulant and the painted surface, and on the integrity of the existing bonds between paint layers and between the paint and the substrate. Encapsulation may be used as a method of abatement if it is designed and performed so as to be permanent.
6. Enclosure: the use of rigid, durable construction materials that are mechanically fastened to the substrate in order to act as a barrier between lead-based paint and the environment. Enclosure may be used as a method of abatement if it is designed to be permanent.
7. Friction Surface: an interior or exterior surface that is subject to abrasion or friction, including, but not limited to, certain window, floor, and stair surfaces. Friction surfaces must be addressed when performing interim controls and standard treatments.
8. Hazard reduction: measures designed to reduce or eliminate human exposure to lead-based paint hazards through methods including interim controls or abatement or a combination of the two.
9. HEPA vacuum : a vacuum cleaner device with an included high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter through which the contaminated air flows, operated in accordance with the instructions of its manufacturer. A HEPA filter is one that captures at least 99.97 percent of airborne particles of at least 0.3 micrometers in diameter.
10. Impact surface: an interior or exterior surface that is subject to damage by repeated sudden force, such as certain parts of door frames.
11. Interim Controls: a set of measures designed to reduce temporarily human exposure or likely exposure to lead-based paint hazards. Interim controls include, but are not limited to, repairs, painting, temporary containment, specialized cleaning, clearance, ongoing lead-based paint maintenance activities, and the establishment and operation of management and resident education programs.
12. Lead-Based Paint: paint or other surface coatings that contain lead equal to or exceeding 1.0 milligram per square centimeter or 0.5 percent by weight or 5,000 parts per million (ppm) by weight.
13. Lead-based paint hazard: any condition that causes exposure to lead from dust-lead hazards , soil-lead hazards , or lead-based paint that is deteriorated or present in chewable surfaces , friction surfaces , or impact surfaces , and that would result in adverse human health effects.
14. Lead-based Paint Inspection: a surface-by-surface investigation to determine the presence of lead-based paint and the provision of a report explaining the results of the investigation.
15. Ongoing Lead-Based Paint Maintenance: includes conducting a visual assessment for deteriorated paint, bare soil, and the failure of any previous hazard reduction measures at unit turnover and every twelve months thereafter; paint stabilization; treatment of contaminated bare soil ; safe work practices when work disturbs lead-based paint greater than de minimis ; repair of failed lead hazard control measures; clearance testing after all repairs, abatement , or hazard control activities; and the solicitation of occupant reports of deteriorated paint or failed lead hazard control work.
16. Paint Removal: a method of abatement that permanently eliminates lead-based paint from surfaces through the use of chemicals, heat guns below 1100 degrees Fahrenheit, and certain contained abrasive methods.
17. Paint Repair: means the process of repairing and repainting painted surfaces disturbed while performing rehabilitation work. Lead-safe work practices are required during paint repair (although the training requirements do not apply to projects costing $5,000 or less).
18. Paint Stabilization: repairing any physical defect in the substrate of a painted surface that is causing paint deterioration, removing loose paint and other material from the surface to be treated, and applying a new protective coating or paint.
19. Rehabilitation: the improvement of an existing structure through alterations, incidental additions or enhancements. Rehabilitation includes repairs necessary to correct the results of deferred maintenance, the replacement of principal fixtures and components, improvements to increase the efficient use of energy, and installation of security devices.
20. Replacement : a strategy of abatement that entails the removal of building components because they have surfaces coated with lead-based paint and the installation of new components free of lead-based paint.
21. Risk assessment: 
    • An on-site investigation to determine the existence, nature, severity, and location of lead-based paint hazards; and
    • The provision of a report by the individual or firm conducting the risk assessment explaining the results of the investigation and options for reducing lead-based paint hazards.
22. Soil-lead hazard : bare soil on residential property that contains lead equal to or exceeding levels promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency at 40CFR475.65 or, if such levels are not in effect, the standards for soil-lead hazards in § 35.1320.
23. Substrate: the material directly beneath the painted surface out of which the components are constructed, including wood, drywall, plaster, concrete, brick or metal.
24. Unsafe Work Practices: practices which are prohibited during rehabilitation, maintenance , paint stabilization and hazard reduction .
    • 24 CFR 35.140  Prohibited methods of paint removal: The following methods shall not be used to remove paint that is, or may be, lead-based paint:
      1. Open flame burning or torching.
      2. Machine sanding or grinding without a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) local exhaust control.
      3. Abrasive blasting or sandblasting without HEPA local exhaust control.
      4. Heat guns operating above 1100 degrees Fahrenheit or charring the paint.
      5. Dry sanding or dry scraping, except dry scraping in conjunction with heat guns or within 1.0 ft. (0.30 m.) of electrical outlets, or when treating defective paint spots totaling no more than 2 sq. ft. (0.2 sq. m.) in any one interior room or space, or totaling no more than 20 sq. ft. (2.0 sq. m.) on exterior surfaces.
      6. Paint stripping in a poorly ventilated space using a volatile stripper that is a hazardous substance in accordance with regulations of the Consumer Product Safety Commission at 16 CFR 1500.3, and/or a hazardous chemical in accordance with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations at 29 CFR 1910.1200 or 1926.59 , as applicable to the work.
25. Visual Assessment: looking for, as applicable:
    • Deteriorated paint;
    • Visible surface dust, debris and residue as part of a risk assessment or clearance examination; or
    • The completion or failure of a hazard reduction measure.
26. Wet sanding or wet scraping: a process of removing loose paint in which the painted surface to be sanded or scraped is kept wet to minimize the dispersal of paint chips and airborne dust.
27. Window Trough: the area between the interior window sill (stool) and the storm window frame. If there is no storm window, the window trough is the area that receives both the upper and lower window sashes when they are both lowered.